For example, the machine may accept donations or kickbacks from businesses in return for such favours as tax or zoning concessions or the award of lucrative public-works contracts. Control of both elective and appointed posts also gives a machine control of government salaries and revenues, which can be used to enrich the party at the public’s expense. However, patronage can result in poorer service to the citizens because appointees may be neither qualified for their jobs nor interested in performing them. Organizers who “deliver” the votes are often rewarded with patronage jobs. However, because political machines in such cities as Boston, Philadelphia, New York, Pittsburgh, Chicago, and Kansas City have also been responsible for many abuses of power, the term carries a pejorative sense. Daley (1902–76) of Chicago, guarantees city governments the power and authority that they need to cope with urban problems effectively. Supporters of political machines say that they “work” and that consolidating power in the hands of a boss, like Mayor Richard J. The term refers to their ability to elect candidates or enact measures with mechanical efficiency and predictability.Īlthough the primary goal of a political machine is keeping itself in power rather than providing good government, machines have been responsible for restructuring city governments to centralize authority, improving facilities and services, helping to assimilate immigrant groups, and encouraging the growth of business and industry.
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Political machines are characterized by a disciplined and hierarchical organization, reaching down to neighbourhood and block organizers, that enables the machine to respond to the problems of individual neighbourhoods, or even families, in exchange for loyalty at the polls. Hoxie Collection/Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.
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Learn about the major environmental problems facing our planet and what can be done about them!
POWER TO THE PEOPLE MACHINES HOW TO
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